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•
113 -
An
Introduction to the Mysteries of
N.B. Stubblefield -- Radio frequencies
waves
by
Gerry Vassilatos
Stubblefield
Cell
Click
to Find Drawings by Gery Vassilatos On
IceHouse
Photo:
Batteries
-----The
transmitter below was used in my
experiments. I used switching through a
special antenna using large discs 10
inches in diameter insulated from the mast
30 feet above the earth .
-----Drawing:
Stubblefield Transmitter
-----We
do not know the secret of the earth charge
as Nathan Stubblefield determined it.
Others since his time have observed
fluctuations at certain times of the year
in ground energy. It may be that a sudden
induction is required before the excess
ground charge surges to the
surface..... like priming a pump.
-----So
I did some experiments in building
different types of cells. I used a 10 inch
carriage bolt 3/4 inch diameter between
two delron spacers. I used steel wire and
copper wire that was coated. I would wind
one layer and sand it off, check for
shorts, and then wrap it with gauze
and start the next winding. I then put the
secondary induction coil windings on.
-----Drawing:
Stubblefield Battery
-----These
are the results I got in a one gallon
plastic jug filled with water. Volts
.07, 250ma into dead short through
meter shunt. I'm still working on a better
cell to go into the ground at this
time.
-----Stubblefield
published an extraordinary brochure in
1898 to attract investors who had
expressed interest in consolidating a
small corporation around his work. In this
brochure, Stubblefield insisted that power
for his device was not generated in the
cell. He calmly stated that the cell
received its surplus energy from the
earth. In a less discussed portion of the
brochure, Stubblefield stated that
"electrotherapeutic" devices had been
developed from his earth battery. Other
researchers made similar claims for their
earth batteries (Hicks, Mellon). During
this time, Stubblefield declared that
news, weather, and other announcements
could be broadcast through the ground
across a great territory for private
reception. He also added that simultaneous
messages and news of all kinds would soon
be transmitted through the ground from a
central distribution station. (Shades of
Tesla!)
-----In
1902 Stubblefield set up one of his sets
in a "Mainstreet" upper office... in a
hardware shop. From that point to his farm
(some 6000 feet distant) he conducted
continuous conversations with his son
Bernard. Tapping with a pencil on his
one-piece transceiver, Bernard was quickly
heard in a loud, very clear voice. This
transceiver was a carbon button placed in
a tin snuff box. Speech and response were
transacted through the same device, which
acted as both microphone and loudspeaker.
Cells (EARTH BATTERIES) were placed
downstairs from the office in the ground.
They were never removed and never wore
out, though operating twenty-four hours a
day around the clock.
-----Nathan
Stubblefield offered to construct a large
scale power station for the town of
Murray. His quoted initial installation
costs were estimated at five thousand
dollars. The town politicians declined the
offer. As a result, the technique of
drawing up electricity from the earth
remains a mystery.
-----Photo:
Stubblefield at Teléph-on-délgreen
-----The
Stubblefield ground radio system was
demonstrated for approximately one
thousand Murray residents. Photographs of
Stubblefield and his family, and a good
crowd of witnesses from town, show the
cell laying on the ground among all his
assembled inventions; and a flower-pot
sized coil of good volume. Other devices
show motors and large capacitor stacks for
aerial voice transmission experiments.
-----Stubblefield
declares it to be an "energy receiver....a
receptive cell for intercepting electrical
ground waves". Its conductive ability
somehow absorbs and directs the enormous
volumes of earth energy.
-----Whether
the current derived from this cell is
electricity as we know it has been
questioned. One indicator is not found
when considering his use of the energy in
lighting lamps. With this energy Nathan
Stubblefield operated a score of arc lamps
at full brightness for twenty-four hours a
day. There was a definite trigger by which
this energy was stimulated and
maintained.
-----The
induction coil which bears his name is
equipped with three coils which are
wrapped around and upon a heavy iron core.
Bare iron wire and cotton-covered copper
wire are wrapped side by side, comprising
a primary coil body. Each layer of the
primary coil body is covered by a
band of cotton insulation, bringing four
wire leads to the coil terminus. Two leads
of iron and two of copper are external to
the coil. Commercial electrical power is
obtained through these connective
terminals.
-----In
addition to this bimetallic winding, there
is a third winding: the "secondary". This
third coil is insulated from the primary
bimetallic coil, serving as a trigger
device. Presumably, a stimulating impulse
shock was introduced into the tertiary
coil, after which the upwelling electrical
ground response brought forth powerful
currents in both iron and copper
coils.
-----Electrolytically
(as a battery in acid or saltwater) the
Stubblefield coil is disappointing,
producing less then one volt according to
those who have duplicated its
construction. Stubblefield's bimetallic
coil was a "plug": a receiver which
intercepts the vast and free electrical
reservoir of the ground itself. His patent
and subsequent company brochures define
the manner in which his earth battery was
to be activated.
-----Technically,
the Stubblefield device is a modified
thermocouple (a bimetal in tight surface
contact) but a thermocouple could not
supply the degree of power which he
reported. While this arrangement could
develop a few milliwatts of power in
appropriately hot ground spots, the
thermoelectric explanation of the device
cannot explain the phenomenal output
reported in the news reports of
Stubblefield's demonstrations.
-----Furthermore,
though the Stubblefield power receiver is
wound like an induction coil, it produces
a steady direct current output. This poses
additional problems for the conventional
engineer. Electrical induction only occurs
with electrical alternations,
oscillations, and impulses.
-----Photo:
Nathan and Bernard Stubblefield, with
wireless telephone
January
1, 1902
-----Witnesses
describe ground-powered motors which ran
unceasingly and unattended for months
without need for replacing or replenishing
the ground battery. Small machinery,
clocks, and loud gongs were run by other
ground-buried cells as reported by
credible witnesses. Stubblefield may
have discovered the auto-magnifying
voltage effect of electrostatic induction
in coils before Tesla, who later
utilized the effect in his special
electrostatic Transformers.
-----These
buried coils may have become saturated
with earth electrostatic energy, which
travelled from subterranean depths. In
such a case, the mere battery power of the
coil was replaced by the electrostatic
flow, the coil acting as an electrode.
This seems obvious when considering the
fact that its ordinary battery current (1
watt) was gradually replaced by
continually growing electrical current of
far greater proportion.
-----Observations
made at Pittsburgh, Pa., communicated by
E.W. CULGAN,
Telegraph manager.
-----During
Aug. 28th the intensity of the current
evolved from it varied very much, being at
times no stronger than an ordinary
battery, and then suddenly changing the
poles of the magnets it would sweep
through them, charging them to their
utmost capacity, and compelling a
cessation of work while it
continued.
----On
the morning of Sept. 2d, at my request the
Philadelphia operator detached his
battery, mine being already off. We then
worked with each other at intervals as
long as the auroral current continued,
which varied from thirty to ninety
seconds. During these working intervals we
exchanged messages with much satisfaction,
and we worked more steadily when the
batteries were off than when they were
attached.
----On
the night of Aug. 28th the batteries were
attached, and on breaking the circuit
there were seen not only sparks (that do
not appear in the normal condition of a
working line) but at intervals regular
streams of fire, which, had they been
permitted to last more than an instant,
would certainly have fused the platinum
points of the key, and the helices became
so hot that the hand could not be kept on
them. These effects could not have
produced by the batteries."
----In
1876, the American Alexander Graham Bell
succeeded in developing a practical
telephone. The first telephones functioned
so that a telephone receiver was installed
at both ends of a wire. The earth
functioned as the return wire. Batteries
were not necessary because the telephone
receiver's permanent magnet produced an
electrical current in the coil when a
magnetically conductive membrane was
activated by speech. Finland's first
telephone connection was built during
December of 1877 in
Helsinki.
Today's
Puzzle:
Who said that . . . "dining out and
night clubbing could kill you".
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