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Television
With No Borders
We Preserve The Moment
________________
NATHAN B.
STUBBLEFIELD WAS BORN IN
Murray,
a small town in Kentucky, on November 22, 1860; he
died on March 28, 1928, at the age of 68. From 1885
to 1913, Stubblefield invented, developed,
manufactured and sold, both his wired mechanical
telephone, and his wireless telephone systems
through his own companies, partnerships or
corporations he owned shares of stock in: - NBS
Enterprises, The Wireless Telephone Company of
America, The Gehring-Fennell-Stubblefield Group,
The Continental Wireless Tel.&Tel Company, and
The Collins Wireless Telephone Company.
Stubblefield was also one of the founding fathers
of the Teléph-on-délgreen
Industrial School, in Murray, Kentucky, now the
campus of Murray State
University.
THE FATHER OF
RADIO WAS A WRITER'S PEN
If you question a
grammar school student as to who invented radio,
the student will most likely answer, Marconi. If
the student is particularly bright he or she may
include the inventor's first name, Guglielmo and
his native land, Italy.
If you quiz a
television producer of a documentary --
like Ken Burns,
or a college student with the same question, you
will more than likely hear the names, Heinrich
Rudolph Hertz, David
Sarnoff,
Marconi, DeForest, Armstrong,
GE, RCA or NBC as your
answer. Although all of these men and business
entities did contribute enormously to the broad
field of science, now called radio/television
broadcasting, only Stubblefield can be said to have
been first to demonstrate and patent the wireless
telephone broadcasting/receiving device. You must
always remember when studying voice transmission,
the word "RADIO" wasn't around at the time of
Stubblefield's demonstrations and patent filings.
Radio was
invented by the stroke of a pen by
the attorney of Lee
DeForest. On February 28, 1907, he changed the name
of DeForest Wireless Telephone & Telegraph
Company, to
DeForest
Radio Telephone
Company.
This action was taken to avoid future legal actions
with Stubblefield Wireless Telephone Co., and
collusion with United Wireless Telegraph
and Marconi Wireless
Telegraph Company. It was also at a time when
various
"Enron"
and
"Global
Crossing", type of
watered stock sales were taking place, and which
human personality was going to control and create a
single wireless monopoly.
One can
reflect those Wireless Radio
Telephone/Telegraph
start-up
years, with today's
computer industry. Apple vs. Microsoft, Bill Gates
vs. U.S. Government. It was Maj. George General
Squire, of the U.S. Army Signal Corps, who
encouraged Stubblefield to
file his
Wireless Telephone patent application in October,
1908, "as an improvement of his own electrolytic
voice transmitter coil patent". The application was
approved by U.S. Patent Commissioner Allen. A year
later, on May 5th, 1908, Stubblefield
Received His All Purpose Wireless Telephone Patent,
Number
887,357.
If, however,
any man was to be singled out,
as the "father" of
wireless voice broadcasting, it would have to be
Nathan B. Stubblefield, the first letter in
SMART.
Before
Marconi, Ambrose Fleming, Reginald Fessenden,
Tesla, DeForest, Alexandersen, Armstrong, and
Farnsworth,
(the
SMART-DAAF
Boys) came
along,
if you were to ask
Stubblefield, "who discovered electromagnetic waves
and who could describe how voice might have
traveled through space", he would name
Faraday/Curie; and for theory,
Maxwell/Einstein. There was probably not one
Scientific Journal of his day he didn't have, for
he collected them like some people collect the
tabloid, "Inquirer", loaded with the events of
today.
In Fact,
Stubblefield was so infatuated
with the inventor of the
day, he even named a few of his nine children after
the ones that inspired him most in his pursuit to
broadcast voice, wirelessly. Madam Curie, Sir
Oliver Lodge, Tesla, Edison, Benjamin Franklin and
even Alfonso Marconi, the brother of Guglielmo.
He'd even nickname some of his
Teléph-on-délgreen
Industrial School
students -- Faraday, Henry, Loomis, Maxwell,
Preece, Branly, after the early day experimenters
of the electromagnetic wave.
You must
remember, Marconi
was just 12 years old
when Stubblefield made his first 1892 voice
demonstrations. When Hertz made his spark radio
wave discoveries, in 1886, Stubblefield was sending
electromagnetic signals in Murray, Kentucky. Hertz
never lived long enough to send audible
signals.
The facts are
simple,
Stubblefield would have
never given credit to Marconi nor Hertz for
wireless telephone radio broadcasting, because they
never met his criteria for broadcasting voice and
music. He stated many times, "that wireless
telephony must: (1) utilize ether (radio) waves,
(2) send non-coded sounds by speech or music; (3)
and must be available and received by the general
public on a day to day basis."
In 1882, what
Loomis did to produce electricity, (sparks) -
from the
atmosphere, Stubblefield produced electricity,
(continuous) - from the earth. The earth's
land-ground is always charged, and like the
atmosphere, it could be considered a giant
conductor; and in certain moist low-beds and
crystal rock-bed areas, a giant capacitor, that
discharges itself when exposed to certain
conditions. That condition became Stubblefield's
"secret" invention, which was patented 16 years
later, on -- March 8, 1898, entitled, "Earth
Battery". Since its invention the "ground cell" has
been called the "earth cell"; "electrolyte
battery"; "water battery" or "ground battery".
Its
patent number is
600,457.
His invention
consisted of a small, bolt-shaped-like unit.
When
copper is properly wound around the iron core stem
of the unit, it becomes a "coil". The letters of
patent explains that the electrical battery has for
its object: to provide a novel and practical
battery for generating electrical currents of
sufficient forms for practical uses, and also
providing means for generating not only a constant
primary current but also an induced momentary
secondary oscillating current. Stubblefield later
referred to these earth batteries as - "the bed
rock of all my scientific research in "raidio"
transmission, (1892) - of today. Without going into
details, his batteries could perpetually run and
operate a clock and small motor. Stubblefield's
"electrolyte battery" - is the precursor for todays
"firewire".
Stubblefield's
Electrolytic
Detector, or Water Battery Patent
Edward
Freeman, in his research of early
experimenters
stated that -- Stubblefield made his first public
demonstration of any kind in Murray in 1882, when
he was just twenty-two years old. On this occasion
Stubblefield placed a compass in a window above the
Masonic Hall on the north side of the courthouse
square in Murray. He then carefully descended to
the street, and while doing so kept something well
hidden beneath his coat. He dug a hole, slipped
whatever apparatus he was holding into it, (the
ground battery) - then covered it up. Shortly after
a signal from Stubblefield, there was a distinct
tremor of the compass needle, a slightly jarring
vibration, and the needles spun crazily. However,
people were not impressed with the demonstration
that it was the electromagnetic waves emitted from
Stubblefield's earth battery, that got power to
spin the needle.
By 1885,
Stubblefield Succeeded in sending voice
between
2 parallel antennas by utilizing the same
principals as Henry and Loomis developed in sending
damped signals; except, where they used a spark
transmitter, he utilized an electric current
dispersion system that emitted low-frequency
undamped waves, produced by his electro-magnetic
induction coil. It was limited in distance, but
wireless or radio nevertheless; and he offered it
to his telephone customers.
By 1890,
Stubblefield discovered
there
were several methods by which articulate speech
could be transmitted between two given points
without connecting wires, or wireless telephony, as
it is was popularly termed at the time. He sent
voice through space by modulating the continuous
electromagnetic wave -- with a Berliner microphone,
(the transmitter) - leading to the
antenna.
1892 - First
Wireless Telephone Broadcasting Demonstrations:
(Voice)
Nathan B. Stubblefield's first public "wireless
telephone" demonstration was given in the town
square of Murray, Kentucky, a radius of about one
half mile.
By
connecting his telephone apparatus to his newly
invented electrolytic coil earth battery -- that
could transmit and detect continuous undamped
electromagnetic waves, Stubblefield, using his
grounded bare wired aerial system connected to a
copper antenna placed on top of a pole -- was able
to talk back and forth "without wires" to others
with a like telephone, or broadcast voice and music
to those listening through a mono-earphone piece.
Rainey T. Wells, was one of the first persons to
hear Stubblefield's wireless voice transmissions,
in
1892.
To Send A
Voice, said Stubblefield, in 1902,
AMONG
THE MOST important methods are those operating: (1)
by electro-magnetic induction; (2) by electric
current dispersion, (wired); (3) by variation of a
beam of light, (thermal); (4) by electro-static
induction; and (5) by electro-magnetic waves; or
(6) by a combination of all 5. The first and fifth
methods, namely that of electro-magnetic induction
and by electro-magnetic waves, were the simplest
and easiest for Stubblefield to demonstrate to the
layman on how the human voice could be transmitted
and received through space, without connecting
wires, "even though" he stated, "walls and other
objects that obtruded the transmission, was
standing in the way."
For best
results, to maintain articulate voice quality,
he
combined, early in 1890, methods 1, 2, 4 and 5 to
transmit and receive articulate voice. He was the
first to use a loudspeaker with his wireless.
(Figure 01.20). During World I and II, the Army
Signal Corps and AT&T called this combined
system, the "Squier System" or "Wired Wireless". If
one system was knocked out by the enemy, the other
system would still operate.
1908 0512 -
PATENT:
Stubblefield
Received His All Purpose - Wireless Telephone
Patent, Number
887,357
Click
to Go To US Patent Office -- then Click Full Text
to refresh page.
- (Patent Expires May 12, 1925)
///
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Respectfully
Submitted
Josie
Cory
Publisher/Editor
TVI Magazine
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We Preserve The
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"Radio Boy" -
A Murder Mystery?
The Life
Story of Nathan B. Stubblefield
of Kentucky- 1860-1928
DVM9921 - "Radio Boy" -
(A Murray, Kentucky Mystery Exposé)
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