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(You
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Week's
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Dear Editor LookRadio • 120
PIXELS 3 columns Part
02/
A h h h
. . . Spring in Hong Kong . . . where mild breezes
blow as the warm sun smiles over this beautiful
spot on eastern side of the Pearl River Delta.
There you can feel a timeless sensuality, assuaging
a nostalgia for China which since as far back as
the 12th century has been a constant theme in many
a China lifestyle. More
Articles • Converging
News 142006 / TeleCom BuyOuts, Spinoffs and Asset
Seizure Boom Respectfully
Submitted top top top top 40 40+110+570=720
107
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Hong Kong
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1.
Feature Story /
Bryan
Lukas Celebrity Scene Report from Hong
Kong Film Festival, HKFF / •
Chinese
Webpage
• English / Read
More
TODAY'S
PUZZLE?
Hong
Kong
Triad
/
"Jockey Club"
RadioPlayMusic
•
•
03. The Hong
Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's
Republic of China is one of the two special
administrative regions (SAR) of the People's
Republic of China (PRC). It is commonly known as
Hong Kong, which is often spelt as Hongkong in some
older English-language
texts
•
•
Geographically, Hong Kong is located at the eastern
side of the Pearl River Delta on the southeastern
coast of China, facing the South China Sea in the
south, and bordering the Guangdong Province in the
north. It has one of the world's most liberal
economies and is a major international centre of
finance and
trade
•
•
Hong Kong was formerly a British colony, and was
handed over to the PRC in 1997. As a special
administrative region, Hong Kong is guaranteed by
the Basic Law to have a relatively high degree of
autonomy under the policy of "One Country, Two
Systems". For instance, Hong Kong retains its own
legal system, currency, customs policy, and
immigration laws. Furthermore, Hong Kong also
maintains its own delegation in most international
organizations, such as the Asia-Pacific Economic
Cooperation, and international sport events, such
as the Olympic Games, under the designation "Hong
Kong, China". Also, while the traffic in mainland
China drives on the right, Hong Kong still
maintains its own road rules, with traffic
continuing to drive on the left. Only the defence
and the diplomatic relations of Hong Kong are the
responsibilities of the Central People's Government
in Beijing
•
•
It should be noted that, while the names of most
cities of the PRC are transliterated into English
by the Pinyin romanization scheme, the official
English name of Hong Kong remains Hong Kong, rather
than Xi?ngg?ng. See Pronunciation of "Hong Kong"
for details
•
•
Though Hong Kong has been inhabited since the
Palaeolithic Age, the area now known as Hong Kong
was an important trading region, and also a
significant strategic location for the Chinese
mainland during the Tang and Song dynasties and the
subsequent Mongol invasion. After that, the
prominence of Hong Kong fell, and only began to
attract the attention of China again and the rest
of the world in the 19th century when it was ceded
to Britain after the Opium Wars. Hong Kong was
first visited by a European in 1513, the Portuguese
mariner Jorge Álvares. Álvares began
trading with the Chinese, and the Portuguese
continued to make periodic trade stops at various
locations up and down the
coast
•
•
Tea, silk, and other Asian luxury goods were
introduced in Europe by the Portuguese, and by the
mid-18th century, these items were in high demand,
particularly tea. The British, challenging China's
near monopoly on the tea industry, invaded China,
winning the First Opium War in 1841. During the
war, Hong Kong Island was first occupied by the
British, and was formally ceded by the Qing Dynasty
of China in 1842 under the Treaty of
Nanking
•
•
Hong Kong became a crown colony in 1843. Kowloon
Peninsula south of Boundary Street and
Stonecutter's Island were ceded to the British in
1860 under the Convention of Peking after the
Second Opium War. Various adjacent lands, known as
the New Territories (including New Kowloon and
Lantau Island), were then leased by Britain for 99
years, beginning on 1 July 1898 and ending on 30
June 1997. For the first twenty years there was
little contact between the European and Chinese
communities. The first specially recruited Hong
Kong civil servants to be taught Cantonese were
recruited in 1862, markedly improving
relations
•
•
The liberation of Hong Kong in 1945 was celebrated
at the Cenotaph in Victoria with the raising of the
Union Flag and the Flag of the Republic of
China
•
•
Hong Kong entered a dark age during the Japanese
Occupation of World War II, which lasted for three
years and eight months. Many Hong Kong people were
executed by the Japanese army during the war. The
Japanese subsequently surrendered on 15 August
1945. The port was quickly re-opened and welcomed a
mass migration of Chinese refugees in 1949 from the
civil war and the new Communist government in
China
•
•
Hong Kong had been a trade port ever since the
British occupation, but its position as an entrepot
declined greatly after the United Nations ordered a
trade embargo against the People's Republic of
China as a result of the Korean War. In response, a
textile industry was established, taking advantage
of the new pool of workers from China who were
willing to work for almost any wage. During this
period, the economy grew extremely rapidly. Towards
the 1970s, Hong Kong began to move away from the
textile industry and develop its financial and
banking economy. This led to even greater growth,
and Hong Kong quickly became one of the wealthiest
territories in the world. Its position as an
entrepot was restrengthened since the Open Door
Policy was adopted in the PRC in the late 1970s
under Deng
Xiaoping
•
•
In the 1980s, with the lease on the New Territories
running out, the British government of Margaret
Thatcher decided to negotiate the question of the
sovereignty of Hong Kong. Although the British
would have been legally required to transfer only
the New Territories to the PRC, Whitehall decided
that maintaining a rump colony would not be
worthwhile - the majority of Hong Kong's land was
in the New Territories, and failure to return the
entire colony would doubtless have generated
political friction between the UK and
PRC
•
•
Flag of colonial Hong Kong, a Blue Ensign with the
colony's coat of
arms
•
•
Pursuant to an agreement known as the Sino-British
Joint Declaration, signed by the People's Republic
of China and the United Kingdom on 19 December
1984, the whole territory of Hong Kong under
British colonial rule became the Hong Kong Special
Administrative Region of the PRC on 1 July 1997. In
the Joint Declaration, the PRC promised that under
the "One Country, Two Systems" policy proposed by
Deng Xiaoping, the socialist economic system in
mainland China would not be practised in Hong Kong,
and Hong Kong's previous capitalist system and
life-style would remain unchanged for 50 years, or
until 2047. Hong Kong would enjoy a high degree of
autonomy in all matters except diplomatic affairs
and national defence. Hong Kong was transferred to
the PRC at the stroke of midnight on 1 July 1997,
with the last governor, Chris Patten leaving on the
royal yacht. Soon after the handover in July, land
values in Hong Kong collapsed substantially and
expedited the burst of the bubble economy, as part
of the Asian financial crisis. This was exacerbated
by Tung Chee Hwa's unsubstantiated pledge to supply
85,000 new flats annually[2]; which
essentially manipulated the region's real estate
prices. In some areas, land values fell by over
half; and the Hang Seng Index fell by over 1,500
points on 28 October, losing 22.8% of its value in
a week. Exacerbating the region's economic
problems, Hong Kong was hit badly by the SARS virus
beginning in mid-March through the summer of 2003,
especially in the effect that it had on travel to
and from Hong Kong
•
•
On 1 July the same year, half a million people
marched in the largest protest rally ever aimed at
the government of Hong Kong, voicing concerns about
a proposed anti-subversion bill that would have
eroded freedom of the press, of religion and of
association arising from Article 23 of the Hong
Kong Basic Law, as well as dissatisfaction with the
poor state of the economy. Regina Ip, then
Secretary for Security, and Antony Leung, then
Financial Secretary, were forced to leave office in
2003 under public pressure (though Antony Leung
left office for reason unrelated to the SARS and
Article 23 crisis, he gave in to public pressure
after his involvement in the 'Lexusgate'
scandal)
•
•
On 10 March 2005, Tung Chee Hwa submitted his
resignation as chief executive of Hong Kong. Donald
Tsang, the Chief Secretary for Administration of
Hong Kong, served as Acting Chief Executive until
25 May, when he, too, resigned from his post to
take part in the campaign for the new Chief
Executive election. Following an interim government
headed by Henry Tang, Tsang was eventually elected
as Chief Executive.
Josie
Cory
Publisher/Editor
TVI
Magazine
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• TVI
Magazine, tviNews.net, YES90, Your Easy Search,
Associated Press, Reuters, BBC, LA Times, NY Times,
VRA's D-Diaries, Industry Press Releases, They Said
It and SmartSearch were used in compiling and
ascertaining this Yes90 news
report.
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- HISTORY OF HONG
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